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Plasmodium Falciparum Heat Shock Proteins As Antimalarial Drug Targets: An Update
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Genetic Linkage And Association Analyses For Trait Mapping In Plasmodium Falciparum
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Eukaryotes And Cell Cycle
In order to move from one phase of its life cycle to the next, a cell must pass through numerous checkpoints. At each checkpoint, specialized proteins determine whether the necessary conditions exist. If so, the cell is free to enter the next phase. If not, progression through the cell cycle is halted. Errors in these checkpoints can have catastrophic consequences, including cell death or the unrestrained growth that is cancer.
Each part of the cell cycle features its own unique checkpoints. For example, during G1, the cell passes through a critical checkpoint that ensures environmental conditions (including signals from other cells) are favorable for replication. If conditions are not favorable, the cell may enter a resting state known as G0. Some cells remain in G0 for the entire lifetime of the organism in which they reside. For instance, the neurons and skeletal muscle cells of mammals are typically in G0.
Another important checkpoint takes place later in the cell cycle, just before a cell moves from G2 to mitosis. Here, a number of proteins scrutinize the cell's DNA, making sure it is structurally intact and properly replicated. The cell may pause at this point to allow time for DNA repair, if necessary.
Yet another critical cell cycle checkpoint takes place mid-mitosis. This check determines whether the chromosomes in the cell have properly attached to the spindle, or the network of microtubules that will separate them during cell division. This step decreases the possibility that the resulting daughter cells will have unbalanced numbers of chromosomes — a condition called aneuploidy.
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