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Mumps Cases Surge, Raises Concerns About Complications

Chennai: More children in the city are walking into clinics with puffy cheeks, swollen jaws, fever and headaches, forcing doctors to conclude mumps is resurging. Considered 'self-limiting', it is pushing more children into hospitals with serious complications.In 2024, hospitals in TN reported more than 1,073 cases on the national infectious diseases' portal, compared to 97 between Jan and May 2023. In Chennai, the portal recorded an increase from eight in 2023 (until May) to 644 in 2024 in the same period. However, many Chennai paediatric hospitals said they do not report mumps cases to the Greater Chennai Corporation's health department as the disease is not notifiable.The changing pattern, however, is worrying doctors. "We have had 17 admissions in the last four months. One child was admitted to paediatric ICU with encephalitis (brain infection)," said paediatric infectious diseases consultant Dr K Dhanalakshmi of Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital. "There were very few mumps cases in our OP until a few years ago. Now, we see at least 25 cases a month." Several children's hospitals, including Govt Institute of Child Health, have reported a surge in cases and hospitalizations.Doctors across the country say they also see complications including permanent hearing loss, testicular inflammation or orchitis in boys (which increases the risk of infertility), pancreatitis, and in some cases pneumonia. "Mortality due to mumps is low, and hence morbidity due to infection goes unnoticed," said Indian Academy of Paediatrics president Dr G V Basavaraja, also professor of paediatrics at Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health in Bengaluru.Mumps, a virus transmitted by droplets of saliva or mucus, can spread through coughing, sneezing, and sharing cups, as well as close contact through living, eating, and exercising together. "We are urging Union govt to include mumps in vaccination schedule. Now, only MR (measles and rubella) vaccine is given," he said. "We are asking govt to make this MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella)."TN director of public health, Dr T S Selvavinayagam said all hospitals have been asked to upload cases on national portal. "We will ensure it is made a notifiable disease in TN. We also encourage schools, hostels, and other public members to alert govt about such infections."

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How Does Mumps Spread, And Is It Different For Adults? Expert Answers

Mumps, a contagious viral infection, primarily affects the salivary glands, causing swelling and discomfort. Understanding how mumps spread and its impact on adults is crucial for prevention and management. Talking to the team of Onlymyhealth, Dr Ravinder Goud Jangampally, Consultant Paediatrician and Neonatologist, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad talked about the transmission of mumps and its implications for different age groups.

How Does Mumps Spread?

Dr Jangampally said, "Mumps is an infectious viral illness caused by a type of paramyxovirus that falls under the rubulavirus family. Its primary effect is the painful swelling of the salivary glands. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets and close contact with an infected individual."

This means that when someone with mumps coughs, sneezes, or talks, tiny droplets containing the virus can spread to others nearby. Additionally, touching surfaces or objects contaminated with these droplets and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes can also lead to infection.

How Does Mumps Spread, And Is It Different For Adults? Expert Answers

According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, other organs, such as the pancreas, ovaries, and testes, can also be affected in some cases.

Is Mumps Different for Adults?

Dr Jangampally said that symptoms of mumps appear between 12-25 days after being exposed to the paramyxovirus. According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, while mumps can affect individuals of all ages, its impact can vary depending on the age group. Here's how mumps differs for adults:

Symptoms

Adults may experience more severe symptoms compared to children. Common symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, loss of appetite, and swelling of the salivary glands. In some cases, adults may also develop complications such as orchitis (testicular inflammation), oophoritis (ovarian inflammation), meningitis, and encephalitis.

Transmission

Adults can transmit the virus similarly to children, through respiratory droplets. However, adults may have a higher viral load and shed the virus for a longer duration, increasing the risk of spreading mumps to others.

Complications

Adults are more likely to experience complications from mumps, particularly related to reproductive organs. For example, orchitis can lead to testicular swelling, pain, and in rare cases, infertility. Oophoritis, although less common, can cause ovarian inflammation and potential fertility issues in women.

Also Read: Doctors Concerned Over Rising Cases Of Mumps In India: Here Are Some Home Remedies To Protect Your Kids

How Does Mumps Spread, And Is It Different For Adults? Expert Answers

Vaccination Status

Adults who have not been vaccinated or have not received the recommended booster doses are at a higher risk of contracting mumps. Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent mumps and its complications.

Mumps Prevention and Management

"Timely identification and isolation of affected individuals play a crucial role in halting the virus's spread. Individuals who suspect they might have contracted mumps or have had close contact with a confirmed case should promptly consult a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and guidance," said Dr Jangampally.

To prevent mumps and reduce its spread, he listed a few steps:

  • Vaccination: Ensure you and your family members are up-to-date with the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine. Vaccination not only protects against mumps but also contributes to herd immunity, reducing the overall prevalence of the virus.
  • Hygiene Practices: Practice good respiratory hygiene by covering your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing. Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially after coughing, sneezing, or touching potentially contaminated surfaces.
  • Isolation: If you or someone in your household is diagnosed with mumps, follow healthcare guidelines for isolation to prevent spreading the virus to others.
  • Seek Medical Attention: If you suspect you have mumps or experience symptoms such as fever and swelling of the salivary glands, consult a healthcare professional for evaluation, diagnosis, and appropriate management.
  • Dr Jangampally concluded that mumps, a viral infection, can lead to considerable discomfort and complications without proper treatment. Recognising its origins, identifying its signs, and adopting preventive measures like vaccination and hygiene practices are crucial in containing its transmission and safeguarding public well-being, whether it is for adults or kids.

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