Meningitis and encephalitis are two conditions that affect the central nervous system (CNS). Meningitis causes swelling in the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord, while encephalitis causes brain inflammation. Bacteria, viruses, fungus, and parasites can all cause meningitis and encephalitis. Both conditions also share similar symptoms, such as a headache, stiff neck, and sensitivity to light. Keep reading to learn more about the similarities and differences between the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for meningitis and encephalitis. Meningitis is an infection of the meninges. The meninges are a protective covering, or membrane, that coats the brain and spinal cord. The different types of meningitis relate to the cause of the infection. Viral meningitis Viruses that cause meningitis are usually enteroviruses that enter through the mouth and travel to the brain, where they multiply and infect nearby tissue. Saliva, mucus, and feces can contain enteroviruses. Transm...